This summarizes CFD work that is included in a Research Study Project for AWWARF (American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Project #260; "Water Quality Modelling of Distribution System Storage Facilities").

All cases shown here are for a 6.0 million gallon, cylindrical tank with a diameter of 142 feet. The inlet pipe is 24 inches in diameter, and the fill rate is ~3000 gallons/minute, or 4.3 MGD. It takes ~24.2 hours to fill this tank to ~37 ft, the mean depth of these simulations.

Blackhawk Tank, EBMUD. Vertical Inlet near Outer Wall

Modified Blackhawk Tank. Vertical Inlet halfway between Tank Center and Outer Wall

Center Fill Blackhawk Tank. Vertical Inlet at Tank Center